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中文摘要：
我们综述最近提出的广义量子干涉原理及其在量子计算中的应用。广义量子干涉原理是对狄拉克单光子干涉原理的具体化和多光子推广，不但对像原子这样的紧致的量子力学体系适用，而且适用于几个独立的光子这样的松散量子体系。利用广义量子干涉原理，许多引起争议的问题都可以得到合理的解释，例如两个以上的单光子的干涉等问题。从广义量子干涉原理来看双光子或者多光子的干涉就是双光子和双光子自身的干涉，多光子和多光子自身的干涉。广义量子干涉原理可以利用多组分量子力学体系的广义Feynman积分表示，可以定量地计算。基于这个原理我们提出了～种新的计算机，波粒二象计算机，又称为对偶计算机。在原理上对偶计算机超越了经典的计算机和现有的量子计算机。在对偶计算机中，计算机的波函数被分成若干个子波并使其通过不同的路径，在这些路径上进行不同的量子计算门操作，而后这些子波重新合并产生干涉从而给出计算结果。除了量子计算机具有的量子平行性外，对偶计算机还具有对偶平行性。形象地说，对偶计算机是一台通过多狭缝的运动着的量子计算机，在不同的狭缝进行不同的量子操作，实现对偶平行性。目前已经建立起严格的对偶量子计算机的数学理论，为今后的进一步发展打下了基础。本文着重从物理的角度去综述广义量子干涉原理和对偶计算机。现在的研究已经证明，一台d狭缝的n比特的对偶计算机等同与一个n比特＋一个d比特（qudit）的普通量子计算机，证明了对偶计算机具有比量子计算机更强大的能力。这样，我们可以使用一台具有n＋logzd个比特的普通量子计算机去模拟一个d狭缝的n比特对偶计算机，省去了研制运动量子计算机的巨大的技术上的障碍。我们把这种量子计算机的运行?
英文摘要：
Here we review the general quantum interference principle and the duality quantum computer which was proposed recently. The general quantum interference principle is the concretization of Dirac＇s statement about single photon interference and the generalization into multi-photon quantum systems. It applies not only to compact quantum system such as an atom, but also to loose quantum system such as a few independent photons. Using the general quantum interference principle, many debated issues can be explained, for instance the interference in a quantum system of two independent photons. From the view point of general quantum interference principle, two photon or multi-photon interferences,are just the interference of the two photon system with the two photon system itself, the interference of multi-photon system with itself. The general quantum interference principle can be expressed in terms of a general Feynman path-integral of a multi-constituents system and be calculated quantitatively. Based on this principle, we proposed a new type of computer, the duality computer or duality quantum computer. In principle, the duality computer is superior to classical computer and the quantum computer in the sense that it can do more than them. In a duality computer,the wave function of the computer is split into many parts, and each part is processed independently through a series of quantum gates, and then the different parts are recombined to get the final results. In addition to quantum parallelism, there is also duality parallelism in which different gate operations can be performed on different parts of the wave function simultaneously in a duality computer. The mathematical theory of duality computer has been established,and this has paved the way for further research. Studies have shown that a n bits duality computer with d-slits can be simulated by a quantum computer with n＋log2d qubits. This relationship makes duality computing in an ordinary quantum computer possible, and also spares the seemingly insurmount
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