中文摘要：

本文使用“中国家庭营养与健康调查”（CHNS）数据，测度了中国农村儿童健康不平等程度，重点计算了收入、医疗保险、母亲教育水平等因素对健康不平等的贡献。回归基础上的集中系数及其分解结果显示：我国农村地区存在亲富人的健康不平等，高收入家庭儿童的健康状况更好；健康不平等主要的贡献因素是父母亲收入、母亲教育程度、母亲工作状况、父亲身高等：收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献最大，但不同的收人类型表现出一定的差异。父母亲的工资收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献为正，收入不平等会扩大健康不平等；医疗保险的不平等程度不断扩大，进一步强化了健康不平等。

英文摘要：

Based on the data from ＂Chinese Family, Nutrition and Health Survey＂ （CHNS）, this paper evaluates the children＇s health inequality in rural China by focusing on the contribution of income, health insurance, mother＇s education to the inequality. Regression results show： there do exist the health inequality in rural China, the children of highincome families have better health status. The main contributors to the health inequality are parents＇ income, mother＇s education, mother＇s job, father＇s height. Income inequality is the largest contributor to children＇s health inequality, but different types of income have different impact. Parents＇ income is positive to health inequality, and income inequality tends to enlarge the health inequality. The increasing medical insurance inequality cause further health inequality.