中文摘要：

以制备的氧化石墨凝胶和聚苯胺纳米线为原料,将二者按一定的质量比进行混合超声分散,再以混合分散液为前驱体采用一步水热法制备得到三维还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）/聚苯胺（PANI）（RGP）复合材料,采用扫描电镜（SEM）,透射电镜（TEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和电化学测试等分析研究了复合材料的形貌、结构和超级电容性能.结果表明,复合材料既保持了还原氧化石墨烯的基本形貌,又能使聚苯胺较好地镶嵌在还原氧化石墨烯的网状结构中;且当氧化石墨与聚苯胺的质量比为1：1时复合材料在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下比电容可高达758 F·g^-1,即使在大电流密度（30 A·g^-1）下其比容量仍高达400 F·g^-1,在1 A·-1电流密度下循环1000次后比容量保持率为86%,表现出了良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,其超级电容性能远优于单纯的还原氧化石墨烯和聚苯胺,其优异的超级电容性能可归咎于二者的相互协同作用.

英文摘要：

Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide （RGO）/polyaniline （PANI） composite has been prepared in a single step by the ultrasonic irradiation of a suspension of graphite oxide gels and PANI nanowire using a hydrothermal method. Scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectra （FT-IR）, X-ray photoelectron spectra （XPS）, and electrochemical measurements were performed to investigate the morphology, structure, and supercapacitive performance of the composite. The result showed that the composite maintained the basic morphology of RGO, and that the PANI was inlayed inside the RGO network. An outstanding supercapacitive performance was obtained when the mass ratio of graphite oxide and PANI was 1：1. Furthermore, the capacities reached 758 and 400 F·g^-1 at 0.5 and 30 A·g^-1, respectively. The retention rate was found to be 86% after 1000 cycles at 1 A·g^-1. These results therefore indicate that this new composite possesses good rate capability and cycle stability, and that its supercapacitive performance is better than that of pure RGO or PANI. The excellent supercapacitive performance of this composite can be attributed to the mutual synergy of RGO and PANI.