中文摘要：

细菌耐药性是21世纪全球关注的热点。“今天不采取行动，明天就无药可用”已经成为全球的共识。本世纪初以来，在各国政府的政策引导和推动下，和学术界及工业界的共同努力下，新上市的抗生素数量和质量都有所提升。特别是在生命科学和生物技术的发展和引领下，新的抗菌药物和治疗方式呈现着强劲的发展态势。本文就新世纪以来上市的和处于三期临床的抗菌药物，以及正在研发的新型非传统抗菌药物替代品和研发前沿进行简要的阐述。

英文摘要：

Bacterial resistance is the focus of global attention in twenty-first century. ＂No action today accompanied by no drugs available tomorrow＂ has become a global consensus. The quantity and quality of new antibiotics marketed in this century have improved based on the policy promotion made by various governments and in the joint efforts of academia and industry. In particular, with the development of life science and biotechnology, the new antimicrobial drugs and treatments have shown a strong momentum. This paper briefly reviewed following four aspects： new antibiotics marketed since 2000 and currently studied in the clinic III, antibiotic alternatives and frontiers of new antibiotics or antibacterial treatment research.