中文摘要：

以青霉素为代表的β-内酰胺类抗生素，在人类征服细菌感染的70多年历史中起着不可或缺的重要作用；β-内酰胺类抗生素作用机制的研究，为这类抗生素品种的开发以及在临床上的合理应用起到了重要的作用。本文简要阐述了这类抗生素作用机制的有关研究脉络和成果，特别是近年来新技术新方法的应用在该领域所取得的进展，以及在真正解析抗菌机制研究方面对学术界提出的挑战。

英文摘要：

β-1actam antibiotics, such as penicillin, play an essential role in the human conquest of bacterial infections in the recent 70 years. Researches of mechanism of β-1actam antibiotics is important in development of multiform antibiotic and make clinical application more reasonable. This paper reviewed the mechanism of action of antibiotics on such context and relevant research results, especially progress in the application of new technologies and new methods in the field in recent years, and the challenges presented to the academic study of the antibacterial mechanism in true resolution.