中文摘要：

硝酸盐的还原是细菌氮代谢中最重要的生化反应之一。随着对细菌耐药机制的不断探索，氮代谢过程尤其是某些代谢酶对细菌耐药性的影响得以揭示。作为硝酸盐还原过程中的关键代谢酶，硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase，NR）与亚硝酸还原酶（nitrite reductase，NiR）不仅催化着细菌体内硝酸盐的一系列还原反应，还从多方面影响了细菌的耐药性。本文综述了NR/NiR与细菌耐药性之间关系的最新研究进展，以期为新药物靶标的发现及提出新治疗措施提供依据。

英文摘要：

Nitrate reduction is one of the most important biochemical reactions in bacteria nitrogen metabolism. With the exploration of bacterial resistance mechanisms, the problem of how the nitrogen metabolism especially some key metabolic enzymes influence bacterial resistance have been revealed. As key metabolic enzymes in nitrate reduction, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase not only catalyzed a series of nitrate reduction reactions, but also affected bacterial resistance in many aspects. This paper reviewed the latest progress in the link between NRfNiR and the bacterial resistance, in order to provide some suggestions for the discovery of new drug targets and put forward new therapeutic interventions.