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上气道及部分支气管生物力学模型的数值研究

ISSN号：1004-7220
期刊名称：医用生物力学
时间：2013
页码：436-440
分类：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程;医药卫生—基础医学]
作者机构：[1]大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116023, [2]大连医科大学附属二院耳鼻咽喉科,辽宁大连116024
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（10902022,11072055,11032008）,中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（DUTl3LK49）.
相关项目：眼球功能相关疾患治疗机理的力学生物学研究

关键词：上气道, 气管, 支气管, 数值模拟, 生物力学, Upper airway, Trachea, Bronchus, Numerical simulation, Biomechanics

中文摘要：

目的建立上气道、气管及部分支气管的生物力学模型，研究不同呼吸模式对气道内气流特性以及气道阻力的影响。方法根据CT扫描资料，建立包括鼻腔、口腔、咽、喉、气管和部分支气管在内的具有真实解剖结构形态的三维有限元呼吸道模型，针对现实中几种典型情况，数值模拟流经鼻、口的气流不同比例情况下气道内的气流特性。结果当仅有少量气流经由口腔吸人时，呼吸道内气流的分布规律以及各部位气道阻力的大小与完全经由鼻腔呼吸的情况相似。当口腔吸入或呼出大量气体，气流主要经由口腔与外界进行交换时，呼吸道内气流场、压力场和剪应力场分布规律明显不同，主要区别体现在鼻腔、口腔气道内。结论建立上气道与气管、支气管生物力学模型，可以从整体上了解呼吸过程中整个上气道至部分支气管中气流的分布情况，为了解与上气道结构相关疾病的发病机制建立数值研究平台。

英文摘要：

Objective To establish the biomechanical model of the upper airway, trachea and part of bronchus, and study the influences of different breathing modes on flow characteristics and airway resistance. Methods Based on data of CT scans, three-dimensional finite element model of an anatomically accurate upper airway was established, including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and part of bronchus. According to several typical cases in reality, numerical simulations were performed on airflow characteristics in upper airway with different proportion of oral airflow and nasal airflow. Results When only a small amount of airflow was in- haled from the mouth, the distribution of airflow characteristics and the airway resistance were similar to the case of nasal inhalation. When a large amount of airflow was inhaled or exhaled through the mouth, the distribution of airflow, pressure and shear stress changed significantly in the respiratory tract. The main differences were ob- served in the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. Conclusions Establishing the biomechanical model of the upper air- way, trachea and part of bronchus is helpful to understand airflow distributions in the entire upper airway and part of bronchus during respiration and to build the platform of numerical research on pathogenesis of upper airway structure-related diseases.

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