等离子体流动控制与点火助燃在改善飞行器气动特性与推进效能方面具有广阔前景,为此主要综述了国内外等离子体流动控制与点火助燃的研究现状,并对未来发展中的关键科学与技术问题进行展望。等离子体流动控制研究方面,介质阻挡放电、电弧放电等离子体气动激励原理与特性,以及等离子体气动激励抑制分离流动、减弱激波强度的原理取得重要进展;推迟附面层转捩、抑制激波/附面层干扰成为新的研究热点:部分技术已转向关键技术攻关。等离子体点火助燃研究方面,实现了缩短点火延迟时间、改变火焰稳定模式、低温点火等显著效果;发现了氧原子的主要产生渠道及其助燃机制、NOx对点火的催化效应;建立了简单碳氢燃料的等离子体助燃模型;部分技术已经应用。等离子体流动控制与点火助燃的未来发展将呈现交叉融合的趋势,在机理研究层面,将发展新的等离子体产生方式,建立多时间、空间尺度的原位测试与耦合模拟方法,揭示等离子体对流动和燃烧的作用机制,提升高速、高压等复杂环境下的流动控制与点火助燃效果;在技术研究层面,将进一步突破小型化高效电源、长寿命等离子体激励器等关键技术,提高技术成熟度。
The technology of plasma-assisted flow control, ignition and combustion has wide application prospects in improving aircrafts' aerodynamic characteristics and propulsion efficiency. We reviewed progress in research of plasma assisted flow control, ignition, and combustion, and put forward some outlook of related issues. In the field of researches of plasma flow control, obvious progresses in the mechanism and characteristics of plasma aerodynamic actuation based on dielectric barrier discharge and arc discharge, as well as in the principle of flow separation control and shock wave strength reduction, is achieved. Boundary layer transition delay and shock wave/boundary layer interaction control are becoming hot spots, aiming at key technologies breakthrough. In the field of researches of plasma-assisted ignition and combustion, plasma could reduce ignition delay time, change flame propagation mode, and realize low temperature ignition. The main generation mechanism of oxygen atoms and its combustion augmentation effect, as well as the effect of NOx catalysis, have been revealed. Simple plasma-assisted combustion model of carbon-hydrogen mixture gas has been built, and some technologies are in practical use. In the future, the development of plasma flow control and plasma- assisted combustion will be coupled with each other. In the aspect of mechanisms, new types of plasma sources will be developed, multi time and space scale diagnose and coupling model will be built, and mechanism of plasma flow control and plasma assisted combustion will be revealed to raise the control and ignition effect under high velocity and high pressure conditions. In the aspect of techniques, key techniques such as mini and high efficiency power source, durable plasma actuator will be solved to improve the technology's readiness.