中文摘要：

全球气候变暖的主要原因在于大气中的温室气体含量的急速增加。以低碳为特征的新发展模式成为目前减少温室气体排放、应对全球气候变暖的根本途径。农业生态系统作为最大的人工生态系统,成为温室气体的第二大来源。因此,农业活动与气候变暖关系密切。以三峡库区为例,在分析了库区农业发展面临的问题的基础上,初步估算了库区水田CH4及耕地（含水田和旱地）N2O温室气体的排放量。2008年库区水田CH4及农田N2O的排放量分别为5.5×104~6.5×104 t、8500~10000 t,提出推广免耕等保护性耕作法、改变传统种植模式,合理施肥、改进稻田生产管理技术、对稻田生产系统的时间和空间差异进行管理。

英文摘要：

The main cause of global warming derives from the drastic increment of greenhouse gas（GHG） in the atmosphere.The new development mode with a characteristic of low-carbon emission becomes a fundamental way to reduce GHG emission and address the global warming at present.As the largest artificial ecosystem,the agricultural ecosystem becomes the second emission source of GHG.Therefore,rural activities are closely related to climate warming.Three Gorges Reservoir was taken as an illustration to estimate the emissions of methane from paddy fields and nitrous oxide from farm land preliminarily on the basis of analyzing the agricultural development in the reservoir area.In 2008,the emission amount of CH4 in paddy fields and N2O in farmland in the reservoir area was separately 55000-65000 tons and were 8500-10000 tons.The following measures were recommended： introduction of conservation tillage and alteration of traditional tillage,rational fertilization,improvement of production and management techniques in paddy field,and controlling the temporal and spatial variances in Paddy production process.