中文摘要：

磷是影响植物新陈代谢和生长发育的重要元素,但由于其极易被土壤固定,因而有效性非常低。缺磷已成为限制当前农作物产量提高和品质改良主要因素之一,传统农业生产一般通过施肥和土壤改良来提高植物对磷素的利用率。近年来,有学者提出通过发掘和利用磷高效品种来解决植物需磷和土壤供磷矛盾的新途径。文章综述了中国土壤磷素营养及其遗传改良的必要性,并针对目前大豆磷素营养的现状,整理了中国开展磷高效育种以来获得的所有高效及低效大豆材料,为进一步克隆磷代谢相关基因、解析磷高效生理及分子机制、选育磷高效新品种提供依据。

英文摘要：

Phosphorus（P） is one of the most important inorganic nutrients that significantly affect plant growth and metabolism,while its availability is lower than other elements in soil because of the higher P-fixing capacity of most arable soils in China.Low phosphorus starvation has become the primary limiting factors for crop production and quality improving.In the past,fertilization and soil improvement are the major measures to meet the demands of phosphorus for crops in traditional agriculture management.Recently,some scholars proposed a new approach to solve the contradiction between P supply and demand by screening and utilizing P efficient varieties.In this review,the condition of soil phosphorus nutrition and significance of crop phosphorus character genetic modification were analyzed and summarized.More important in this paper is that the soybean germplasms with different P-efficiency were documented from the beginning of such research in China.Using these screening varieties summarized in our paper,plant breeding and molecular biology researchers can select the suitable germplasm to clone more phosphorus-metabolism related genes,to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of P-efficiency in plant,and also to breed more P-efficient varieties in China.