中文摘要：

植酸及其盐类占土壤非有效态磷30％～40％，利用转基因技术结合常规育种手段培育能够分解利用植酸磷的作物新品种是解决这一问题的最新途径。本研究以农杆菌转化子叶节所获得的JL35-phyA为试材，采用PCR与RT—PCR进行目的基因检测，获得转基因阳性材料；随后将这些阳性材料与38个常规大豆杂交，实现phyA向不同大豆品种的转育。结果表明，利用农杆菌转化技术已将phyA转入吉林35，且基因在大豆根系能够正常转录表达，转基因株系的单株荚数、粒数、粒重及百粒重显著高于野生型，蛋白质和脂肪含量与野生型差异不显著；利用这些转基因株系，通过杂交转育获得F，阳性单株427个，涉及上述38个不同组合，说明目标基因phyA已转移到杂交后代；将F．阳性单株自交后筛选得到部分组合的阳性F，植株及F，子粒，经农艺性状考察，这些后代材料中存在丰富的遗传变异，并在杂交后代中选育出一些转有目标基因的优良株系，为今后培育转phyA大豆新品种（系）提供了一批重要的遗传资源。

英文摘要：

Phosphorus（P） is one of the most important inorganic nutrients that can significantly affect plant growth and metabolism. However,30 to 40 percent of the unavailable P in agricultural soils exists as phytate,which can not directly be absorbed by plant except for resolved by phytase. So selecting or developing new varieties that can resolve phytate-P through the modern transgenic breeding approach provided a new opportunity to improve the efficiency of phosphorus by plants. In this paper, a phytase gene （phyA） ,isolated from Aspergillus ficuum, was intro- duced into soybean by Agrobacteriura-mediated transformation, and then thirty-eight soybean crosses had been made between transgenic lines （JL35-phyA, male parent）and other non-transgenie varieties （female parent）. PCR and RT- PCR results showed that the phyA was successfullly incorporated into soybean genome and expressed in transgenic line JL35-phyA. Futhermore,the pods, seeds, and weights per plant and weight 100 seeds of JL35-phyA were higher than wildtype JL35 significantly. The results also showed that 427 PCR positive transgenic F1 plants from the thirty- eight cross combinations above and 377 PCR positive transgenic F2 plants from the progenies of the cross combina- tion JD17 x JL35-phyA were obtained by the sexual hybridization transfer method. Analysis results of these progenies showed that the variation of agronomic characters were abundant, and some excellent transgenie lines were selected. So it provides many important genetic resources to transgenic breeding of phyA in soybean.