中文摘要：

近年来用基因工程方法从软骨鱼和骆驼科动物中克隆到的单域抗体（single—domain antibody，sdAb）具有无轻链、单一重链可变区保留了完整的抗原结合活性的特征。这类单域抗体具有分子小、稳定性高、体内组织渗透性好、可溶性好、易表达、抗原识别表位独特的特性，已引起生物技术研究与诊断治疗应用领域的广泛关注，取得了快速发展。综述了这类单域抗体发展历史、分子类别、结构特征、理化特征、分子演化及应用前景。

英文摘要：

Single-domain antibodies （sdAbs） with fully functional antigen-binding fragment are recently cloned from the single variable domains of homodimeric lacking of light chains within cartilaginous fish and camelids by genetic engineering approaches. The advantageous features of sdAbs include their small dimension, high apparent stability, good tissue penetration in vivo, improved solubility, high expression, and the singularity of recognizing epitopes. The field of the sdAbs technology has rapidly progressed during the most recent years, mainly because of the interest in its using in biotechnological research and diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This minireview offers an overview of the developmental history, molecular classifications, structure characteristics, physics and chemistry properties, molecular evolution and application prospects of this kind of sdAbs.