中文摘要：

microRNA通过转录后水平调控细胞的蛋白质表达，在神经系统的发育、分化及功能行使中发挥着重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA与朊病毒疾病的发生有关。朊病毒疾病是一种以共济失调、痴呆为主要特征的神经退行性疾病。为了解释朊病毒疾病的发病机制，在基因表达水平鉴定疾病相关的改变是很重要的。冈此，对miRNA在朊病毒疾病中作用的研究不仅有利于疾病发病机制的诠释，也有利于miRNA调控机制的探讨。就miRNA与神经退行性疾病——朊病毒疾病发生的相关研究进展作‘综述。

英文摘要：

microRNA regulates the expression of cellular protein at post-transcriptional levels, and plays a major role in regulating the development, differentiation and functions of nervous system. Growing evidence indicates that miRNA is involved in the pathogensis of prion disease. Prion disease is a kind of neurodegenerative disease, which has some morphological characteristics, such as ataxia and dementia. In order to explain the pathogenesis, it is also very important to identify these changes in gene expression levels. Therefore, investigation of the roles of miRNA in the pathogenesis of prion disease is very helpful in exploring the mechanisms of prion disease. In this paper, miRNA and neurodegenerative diseases - prion disease research progress are reviewed.