中文摘要：

人因仿真是对制造系统进行人因分析的重要手段。针对制造系统设计中人因的评价问题，提出了指导人因仿真实施的通用参考模型与系统方法，并给出了各个层次人因仿真的特点和应用领域。其次，给出了面向任务的人因仿真步骤和方法集，研究了建立任务网络模型、工作失误仿真以及工作任职需求仿真等关键技术。最后结合一个三维激光焊接生产单元的实例说明了人因仿真技术在自治生产单元设计中的应用。

英文摘要：

Human factors simulation is an important tool for human-centered manufacturing systems design and analysis. In order to evaluate human factors in manufacturing systems, a hierarchical reference model and a systematic methodology to guide the accomplishment of human factors simulation are proposed. The simulation characteristics and application areas are described in the model. Simulation approaches for human-task-oriented simulation are discussed, and critical technologies including task network modeling, human error evaluation and simulation, and work requirements analysis are illustrated in detail. In a case study, the simulation approaches areproved to be effective in the human factors design and evaluation of a 3D-laser welding autonomous production cell.