中文摘要：

【目的】揭示不同类型栽培菊花品种间的遗传多样性，为栽培菊花品种分类、品种鉴定和保护提供生化依据。【方法】采用过氧化物酶（POD）、酯酶（EST）2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点，对栽培菊进行同工酶遗传多样性分析。【结果】（1）栽培菊花品种间的遗传变异很丰富，93个品种平均有效等位基因数（A）、多态位点比率（P）、观察杂合度（Ho）分别为1．5699、43．23％、0．5699。其中遗传多样性最高的是‘紫宫翎管’，其有效等位基因数（A）、多态位点比率（P）、观察杂合度（Ho）分别是1．8889、66．67％、0．8889；遗传多样性最低的是‘粉紫管’、‘粉管托桂’和‘丰收’，3个指标分别是1．3000、25．00％、0．3000。（2）基于品种间遗传距离的UPGMA聚类图将栽培菊花品种按花径聚类，体现了栽培菊花品种花径的遗传分化特征，托桂品种独立成组。另外，A、P、H03个指标完全相同的大菊品种有70．37％聚在一起，小菊品种有87．18％聚在一起。（3）‘染水金涛、‘风珠秋意’、‘金陵之光’、‘金陵春色’具有品种特异的同工酶谱POD一3的F带，可以从生化水平为菊花品种鉴定和保护提供生化证据。【结论】菊花品种间POD和EST的遗传变异丰富；属于同一花径类型品种的遗传多样性较为一致，其中平瓣与匙瓣的遗传变异相近；瓣型和花色与POD和EST没有直接相关性。

英文摘要：

[Objective] The genetic diversity of 93 cultivars in Dendranthema grandiflorum was studied to find some clues for classifying, identifying and protecting of the cultivars. [Method] The genetic diversity of 93 cultivars in D. x grandiflorum was investigated using peroxidase isozyme （POD） and esterase isozyme （EST）, and 12 loci were obtained. [Result] The genetic variation of cultivars in D. x grandiflorum was quite rich. The average of the effective number of alleles per locus （A）, percentage of polymorphic loci （P） and heterozygosity （Ho） among all the cultivars were 1.5699, 43.23% and 0.5699, respectively. ＇Zigonglingguan＇ was the most genetically varied cultivar, A, P and Ho were 1.8889, 66.67% and 0.8889, respectively, while ＇Fenziguan＇, ＇Fenguantuogui＇ and ＇Fengshou＇ showed the lowest genetic variation, the A, P and Ho were 1.3000, 25.00%, 0.3000, respectively. The UPGMA analysis showed that cultivars were clustered into different clades which is in coincidence with flower diameter, it revealed the evolution characteristics of flower diameter in chrysanthemum. Briefly, 70.37% of the cultivars with large inflorescence which had the same A, P and Ho were clustered together, and so did 87.18% of the cultivars with smaller inflorescence. Cultivars with anemone petals were clustered alone. ＇Ranshuijintao＇, ＇Fenzhuqiuyi＇, ＇Jinlingzhiguang＇ and ＇Jinlingchunse＇ had the cultivar specific band F of POD-3, which could offer the biochemistry evidence for identifying and protecting the new cultivars of D. x grandiflorum. [ Conclusion ] The genetic diversity was quite rich in chrysanthemum. However, the genetic variation was almost universal in cultivars of the similar flower diameter, the genetic variation was similar between flat ray florets and tubular ones. There was no direct relationship between petal types, flower color and POD, EST isoenzyme pattern.