中文摘要：

对菊花脑[D．nankingense（2x）]、甘菊[D．lavandulifilium（2x）]、四倍体菊花脑[D．nankingense（4x）]、‘滁菊’[D．morifolium‘Chuju’（6x）]、‘黄英’[D．morifolium‘Huangying’（6x）]及其部分种间杂种减数分裂过程染色体行为进行研究。结果表明：二倍体的菊花脑和甘菊减数分裂中期Ⅰ（MⅠ）每个花粉母细胞（PMC）平均染色体配对构型分别为0．83Ⅰ＋8．58Ⅱ和1．50Ⅰ＋8．25Ⅱ；四倍体菊花脑PMC MⅠ染色体配对构型为2．64Ⅰ＋13．35Ⅱ＋1．03Ⅲ＋0．93Ⅳ；六倍体‘滁菊’和‘黄英’PMC M Ⅰ染色体配对构型分别为0．48Ⅰ＋26．09Ⅱ＋0．33Ⅳ和1．09Ⅰ＋25．18Ⅱ＋0．18Ⅲ＋0．50Ⅳ，是两个已经二倍体化的异源六倍体。菊花脑×甘菊的杂种F1 PMC MⅠ染色体配对构型为1．61Ⅰ＋8．19Ⅱ；四倍体菊花脑×菊花脑、菊花脑×四倍体菊花脑杂种F1PMC M Ⅰ染色体配对构型分别为3．42Ⅰ＋8．34Ⅱ＋1．53Ⅲ＋0．58Ⅳ和3．62Ⅰ＋8．31Ⅱ＋1．50Ⅲ＋0．56Ⅳ；菊花脑ב黄英’、‘黄英’×菊花脑和甘菊ב黄英’、‘黄英’×甘菊正反交杂种F1 PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型分别为0．30Ⅰ＋16．45Ⅱ＋0．70Ⅳ、0．29Ⅰ＋16．07Ⅱ＋0．89Ⅳ、0．63Ⅰ＋16．32Ⅱ＋0．68Ⅳ和0．47Ⅰ＋16．38Ⅱ＋0．65Ⅳ＋0．03Ⅵ；四倍体菊花脑ב滁菊’杂种F1PMC M Ⅰ染色体配对构型为3．59Ⅰ＋18．03Ⅱ＋0．98Ⅲ＋0．52Ⅳ＋0．07Ⅴ。由减数分裂行为可以看出菊花脑和甘菊亲缘关系较近，菊花脑和甘菊及其近缘种可能是栽培菊花的1个染色体组供体；菊属3个染色体组间分化程度较低，彼此亲缘关系较近，且部分染色体可能存在易位等结构变异，或菊属内广泛存在促进配对的基因。

英文摘要：

Meiosis behaviors of D. nankingense （2x）, D. lavandulifilium （2x）, D. nankingense （4x）, D. morifolium ＇ Chuju＇ （6x）, D. morifolium ＇ Huangying＇ （6x） and part of interspeicific hybrids between them were studied. The results were concluded as following： The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis M Ⅰ per PMC of diploid D. nankingens and D. lavandulifilium was 0. 83 Ⅰ ＋ 8.58 Ⅱ and 1.50 Ⅰ ＋ 8.25 Ⅱ , respectively. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis M Ⅰ per PMC of tetraploid D. nankingense （4x） was 2. 64 Ⅰ ＋ 13.35 Ⅱ ＋ 1.03Ⅲ ＋0. 93Ⅳ. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis MⅠ per PMC of hexaploid D. morifolium ＇ Chuju＇ and D. morifolium ＇ Huangying＇ were 0. 48 Ⅰ ＋ 26. 09 Ⅱ ＋0. 33Ⅳ and 1.09 Ⅰ ＋25.18 Ⅱ ＋0. 18Ⅲ ＋0. 50Ⅳ, respectively, which elucidated that they were two allohexaploids with diploidization meiotic behavior, as well, there were structural changes as translocation on some chromosomes. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis M Ⅰ per PMC of D. nankingense ×D. lavandulifilium was 1.61 Ⅰ＋ 8. 19 Ⅱ. Chromosome configuration per PMC in M Ⅰ was 3.42 Ⅰ ＋ 8.34 Ⅱ ＋ 1.53Ⅲ ＋0.58Ⅳ in F1 hybrids ofD. nankingense （4x）×D. nankingense （2x） and 3.62 Ⅰ＋8.31 Ⅱ ＋l.50Ⅲ ＋ 0. 56Ⅳ in that of D. nankingense （2x） × D. nankingense （4x）. Meiotic association per PMC in M Ⅰof F1hybrids of D. nankingens × D. morifolium‘ Huangying＇ , D. morifolium ‘Huangying＇ × D. nankingens, D. lavandulifilium × D. morifolium ‘ Huangying＇ and D. morifolium‘ Huangying＇× D. lavandulifilium were 0. 30 Ⅰ ＋16.45Ⅱ ＋0.70Ⅳ, 0.29 Ⅰ＋16.07Ⅱ ＋0. 89Ⅳ, 0.63Ⅰ ＋16.32Ⅱ ＋0.68Ⅳ and 0.47 Ⅰ ＋ 16.38 Ⅱ ＋ 0. 65 Ⅳ ＋ 0. 03 Ⅵ, respectively. Chromosome configuration in meiosis M Ⅰ per PMC of F1 hybrids of D. nankingense （4x） × D. morifolium ‘ Chuju＇ was 3.59 Ⅰ ＋ 18.03 Ⅱ ＋ 0.98 Ⅲ ＋ 0. 52 Ⅳ ＋ 0. 07 Ⅴ. The resul