中文摘要：

重复启动效应和一致试次所占的比例都会影响冲突适应效应。采用词-色Stroop任务,本研究在控制了重复启动效应和一致试次的比例之后,通过三个实验共同探讨反应执行和冲突观察对冲突适应效应的影响。实验一发现当前试次的Stroop干扰效应,但没有得到冲突适应效应;在实验二中,先前试次为四选一的选择反应时任务,当前试次为词-色Stroop任务,得到反转的冲突适应效应;实验三和实验一程序相似,但在先前试次上不执行反应,得到了稳定的冲突适应效应。这些结果证明,冲突观察能够诱发冲突适应机制,提升当前的操作表现。

英文摘要：

The conflict-driven adaptation in performance has been well documented in the color-word naming Stroop task （Stroop, 1935）. The Stroop interference on the current trial is significantly reduced when following an incongruent trial in comparison to a congruent one （Gratton, Coles, Donchin, 1992）. This pattern of sequential adaptation effect, which improves performance following conflict, is named as conflict adaptation effect. In previous studies, both repetition priming effect and the proportion of congruent items have been investigated. There were not investigations having obtained significant conflict adaptation effect when the ratio of incongruent to congruent trials was 50/50 without repetition priming. However, those investigations which have obtained significant conflict adaptation usually utilized a high conflict design where incongruent trials are infrequent （incongruent items： congruent items = 20：80 or incongruent items： congruent items = 25：75） compared with congruent trials. Thus, it is still unclear what determines the presence of the conflict adaptation effect. The present study included three experiments using the color-word Stroop tasks to investigate how the response execution and the conflict observation affected the conflict adaptation effect. In the three experiments, ＂D＂, ＂F＂, ＂J＂, and ＂K＂ keys were pressed when the color of the Chinese characters were RED, GREEN, YELLOW, and BLUE, respectively. In Experiment 1, twenty-seven healthy undergraduates were tested with a color-word Stroop task. All trials began with a fixation presented for 500 ms, followed by a blank interval of 300~500 ms （500~800 ms for Experiments 2 and 3） randomly. Next, a colored character was presented until a key was pressed or for 1,500 ms whichever came first. Then, a blank interval of 800~1,200 ms was presented with the interval randomly. Each participant completed one practice block and four experimental blocks. In Experiment 2, twenty-nine healthy undergraduates were tested with