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冲突适应独立于意识:来自行为和ERP的证据

ISSN号：0439-755X
期刊名称：心理学报
时间：2014.3
页码：581-592
分类：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学;哲学宗教—心理学]
作者机构：[1]认知与人格教育部重点实验室(西南大学)西南大学心理学部,重庆400715, [2]University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [3]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（31170983,31100743,31170980）;国家留学基金委（201306990046）.
相关项目：不同信息加工阶段的冲突监测：意识还是无意识？

关键词：冲突适应, 无意识, 有意识, 冲突控制, ERP, ERP, conflict adaptation, unconscious, conscious, conflict control

中文摘要：

尽管已有研究发现诸如抑制控制和任务转换等认知控制功能独立于意识，但是对冲突适应是否需要意识的参与目前还存在激烈的争论。为了进一步探讨此问题，本研究记录了18名被试在完成箭头偏对比掩蔽任务（meta-contrast masking task）时的行为和脑电数据。结果显示，在有意识和无意识条件下在反应时和额中 N2和中顶 P3波幅上均表现出了显著的冲突适应效应。这不仅表明冲突控制独立于意识，而且也表明先前无意识经验对人类信息加工系统的适应性调节作用。本研究对认识认知控制和意识的本质具有重要意义，也为建构认知控制与意识关系的理论提供了启示。

英文摘要：

Previous studies have suggested that some cognitive control functions such as inhibition control and task switching were independent of consciousness, but it is unclear whether consciousness is necessary for conflict adaptation. Prior studies in consciousness domain showed that conflict adaptation reflected on behavioral measures and ERP components （N2 and P3）. The purpose of current study is to test whether consciousness is necessary for conflict control. If conflict control was independent of consciousness, we would observe that the conflict effect indexed on reaction times and N2 and P3 amplitude modulated by previous trial congruency regardless of consciousness. If these hypotheses were verified, it could deepen our understanding of unconscious information processing and give us insight into the function of consciousness. To test our hypotheses, we obtained the behavioral and electroencephalogram （EEG） data from 18 subjects using an arrow version meta-contrast masking task, in which the primes fitted exactly within the inner contour of the target. By manipulating the time interval of prime and target and the presentation time of primes, the prime can be weakly or strongly masked. One subject was excluded from further analysis due to too many artifacts. To exclude the alternative interpretation of conflict adaptation by stimulus/response repetitions, stimulus or （and） response repetitions trials were removed before further analysis. After removing the artifacts included in the EEG segments, the ERPs were obtained according to each condition. The negative peak of N2 was averaged during 240-320 ms across fronto-central ROI electrode sites, while the P3 was averaged during the time 350-500 ms across centro-parietal ROI electrode sites. All analyses were performed separately based on the conditions of＆amp;nbsp;consciousness. The results showed that there was reliable conflict effect on reaction times and N2 and P3 amplitudes under conscious and unconscious conditions, and these effects were modulat

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