中文摘要：

经济转型的基础是企业转型，企业转型需要依靠管理转型来实现。而领导方式转型是衡量企业管理转型的一个重要维度。对中国8个省市39家民营企业866个个体样本的问卷数据分析表明，企业的集权领导方式和严厉领导作风仍然适用、有效；企业领导的生活仁慈、工作仁慈，尤其是包容友善对增进员工忠诚度和个体绩效具有显著效用。大型与中小型民营企业的比较进一步表明，中小型民企员工更适应集权和严厉的领导方式，也更需要领导的工作仁慈。“胡萝卜加大棒”仍是当前民营企业有效率的管理方式，其有效部分应作为科学管理组成要素继承下来；同时，企业要自觉运用现代管理理念，加强组织内社会化工作，通过转变管理中的领导方式逐步实现企业管理转型。中国民营企业管理转型任重道远。

英文摘要：

Enterprise transformation is the basis of economic transformation, and the enterprise transition relies on management transition. The leadership style transformation is an important dimension of enterprise management transition. The survey on private enterprises concluded that the leadership style of autocratic and severe is still applicable and effective. The kindness of enterprise leaders on both life and work, especially the friendly and inclusive behavior of leaders, has significant effects on increasing staff loyalty and individual per- formance. The Comparison of small ＆ medium - scale private enterprises （SMPEs） with large - scale private enterprises shows that autocratic and severe leadership style is more applicable for Employees in SMPEs, and the staff in SMPEs also need more leader＇ s kindness for work. ＂ Carrot and stick＂ is still an efficient man- agement policy for current Chinese private enterprises. The Chinese private enterprises shoulder heavy respon- sibilities for management Transformation.