山西大同盆地属干冷荒漠景观条件的半封闭型断陷盆地。区内有害元素的聚集导致氟中毒等多种地方病肆虐,20世纪90年代因开发和饮用深层地下水爆发了水砷中毒病。经地球化学调查发现:地下潜水高含F,超标1.3~12倍;深层承压地下水富As,砷含量超标2~20倍。砷中毒发病率与饮水中As3+/∑As比值呈正相关关系。盆地周边分布多层富含As和F的地层和火成岩体,处于富As、F的区域地球化学省内。由于大同盆地的不均匀沉降,在其边缘部分形成深凹陷带,含砷下渗地下水经有机碳质层的还原作用,使砷还原为三价,提高了地下水的毒性并滞留聚集。探讨了F、As富集和中毒的机理和生态地球化学危害评价,提出了治理和外围调查预测建议。
The Datong Basin is a semi-closed fault basin developed in an arid dry desert environment. Accumulation of harmful elements in the basin lead to endemic diseases such as fluorosis, etc. In the 1990s human exploitation and drinking of deep underground water had caused arsenic poisoning. Geochemical investigations show that in the shallow ground water F contents are 1.3-12 times over acceptable hygienic standard, and in the deep pressure underground water the As contents are 2-20 times over acceptable hygieni...