中文摘要：

目的探讨头孢吡肟治疗重型肝炎肝移植术后细菌感染的疗效。方法对2005年1月至2005年6月我中心46例重型肝炎肝移植患者术后细菌感染情况和头孢吡肟的疗效进行分析。结果本组患者术后细菌感染率为80．4％（37／46），共分离出细菌61株，其中革兰氏阴性（G）杆菌占68．9％（42／62）；革兰氏阳性（G^＋）球菌占31．1％（19／61）。G^-杆菌对头孢吡肟的耐药率为33．3％，明显低于对头孢他啶（64．3％）、头孢曲松（76．2％）和头孢噻肟（61．9％）的耐药率（x^2=8．052，15．570，6．873，P〈0．01）。经验治疗临床有效率为78．1％，患者使用过程中无明显不良反应。结论对肝移植术后常见G^-杆菌的耐药率较多数三代头孢菌素低，头孢吡肟作为重型肝炎患者肝移植术后经验治疗用药是安全有效的。

英文摘要：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefepime in the treatment of bacterial infection in severe hepatitis patients after liver transplantation. Method From Jan 2004 to Jun 2004, 46 severe hepatitis patients received liver transplant in our center, Bacterial infection was monitored by bacteria culture and antibiotic sensitivity test. Result Bacterial infections were confirmed in 37 of 46 cases （80. 4% ）, with 61 pathogenic organisms being separated. Forty-two cases （68. 9% ） were with aerobic gram-negative （ G^- ） bacilli. Gram-positive （ G^＋ ） infection occurred in 31.1%. Resistant rate of G^- bacilli to cefepimein was 33.3% , significantly lower than that to ceftazidime （ 64. 3% ）, ceftriaxone （ 76. 2% ） and cefotaxime （61.9% ） （ x^2 = 8. 052,15. 570,6. 873, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Therapeutic effective rate is 78. 1% and there was no side effect related to cefepimein during the therapy. Condusion Cefepime is effective and safe in the treatment of bacterial infection in severe hepatitis patients after liver transplantation.