由于水轮机主流道和密封间隙流道空间尺度相差较大,为同时获得水轮机流道和密封通道内的流动特性以及水封间隙泄漏特性,充分考虑叶道流和间隙流的相互干扰,采用非一致网格界面插值技术以及基于Vreman亚格子模型的全局动态大涡模拟方法,不仅得到主流道内速度、压力以及涡量的分布,同时捕捉到了微通道间隙内的流动特征以及不同间隙宽度对密封渗漏流动特性及顶盖压力分布的影响。计算结果表明,主叶道内的强旋拧涡带,密封间隙内旋涡结构以及尾水涡带都直接影响转轮的动态平衡,流体从间隙进入梳齿空腔后产生很强的旋涡而耗散部分动能,而且不同尺度密封间隙流道内产生的旋涡结构不同,耗散能量差异较大,反映出密封渗漏流量的不同。
To understand well the flowing characters in bulk and seal passage for Francis turbine facing to the fact that the large difference of the space scale between the bulk passage and the seal passage, and to fully consider the interference between the bulk flow and leakage flow, the dynamic Vreman model based on the global equilibrium between the subgrid-scale dissipation and the viscous dissipation with a global model coefficient were applied to large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in complex passage of Francis turbine. Distributions of pressure, velocity and vorticity as well as some flow structure in bulk and leakage passage were gained, simultaneously, scale of seal gap influence on the flowing characters in cavity of labyrinth seals and pressure of head cover were explored. The numerical results show that the swirl vortex in blade passage, tip clearance passage and draft tube are largely influence on the balance of runner unit, also, different .vortex structure in labyrinth space are generated due to the difference of seal scale, the energy dissipation are quite different which reflect the different seal leakage flux.