中文摘要：

目的将学习 nanoscale 铜氧化物(nCuO ) 的生物效果，锌氧化物(nZnO ) ，铈二氧化物(nCeO2 ) 和他们 Carassius auratus 上的混合物。方法少年鱼(Carassius auratus ) 暴露于 nCuO， nZnO，和 nCeO2 的水的暂停(独自并且在混合物) 在 20， 40， 80， 160，和 320 mg/L 的集中。在大脑，在鳃的 sodium/potassium-activated ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase ) ，和 superoxide dismutase (草皮) 和在在 4 天暴露以后坚定的肝的过氧化氢酶(猫) 的 biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase (疼痛) 。综合 biomarker 反应(IBR ) 被把多重 biomarkers 合为单个价值计算。结果疼痛和草皮活动被所有测试金属氧化物 nanoparticles (NP ) 显著地与 nCeO2 的例外在高集中(160 mg/L ) 禁止。Na+/K+-ATPase 正式就职展出了塑造钟的集中反应曲线。猫活动显著地在等于或比 160 mg/L 高的集中被禁止。IBR 价值的顺序是 nCeO2 nZnO/nCeO2 nCuO/nCeO2 < nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 < nZnO < nCuO < nCuO/nZnO。联合效果似乎是为 nCuO/nZnO 混合物，为第三的混合的添加剂和不到添加剂的 synergistic 或为包含 nCeO2 的二进制混合物对抗。酶的活动(疼痛， Na+/K+-ATPase，草皮，和猫) 的结论集中依赖者变化在暴露于 nanoscale 金属氧化物的鱼被观察。IBR 分析允许在不同暴露之间的好辨别，为综合否定效果的 quantification 的一个有用工具可能被 NP 向鱼导致。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on Carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO, nZnO, and nCeO2 （alone and in mixtures） at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 3.60, and 320 mg/L. The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in brain, sodium/potassium-activated ATPase （Na~/K＊-ATPase） in gill, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure. Integrated biomarker response （IBR） was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value. Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles （NPs） at high concentrations （__.160 rag/L） with the exception of nCeO2. Na~/K＋-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L. The order of IBR values was nCeO2 = nZnO/nCeO2= nCuO/nCeO2 〈 nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 〈 nZnO 〈 nCuO 〈 nCuO/nZnO. The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures, additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binary mixtures containing nCe02. Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities （ACHE, Na~/K＊-ATPase, SOD, and CAT） were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides. IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.