中文摘要：

磺胺类药物是世界范围使用最多的一类合成药物,在我国水环境中已经广泛检测出该类药物残留,对人体及生态环境造成严重危害.生物降解是解决该类药物环境残留的主要方法,混合微生物群落比起单一微生物有很大的优势,因此混菌降解该类药物的研究日益受到关注.本文对混菌生物降解磺胺类药物进行较系统的综述,包括利用河流污泥和土壤中的天然混菌体系、活性污泥中的混菌体系、人工筛选的混菌体系降解该类药物的降解特性、降解条件及生物降解机制.在有氧条件下,河流污泥、土壤中的天然混菌体系对该药物具有一定的降解能力;在传统活性污泥、序批式反应器、膜生物反应器等进行污水处理时,利用活性污泥中的混菌体系能够成功该磺胺类药物残留,该类药物作为共代谢物或者单一碳源和（或）氮源被活性污泥混菌体系所降解.厌氧条件下,天然活性污泥混菌菌群也能成功降解该类药物.此外列举了在实验室内人工筛选构建出的混菌体系,较之天然混菌体系及单一菌株,对该类药物的生物降解优势已经很明显.最后提出应进一步研究天然混菌体系中各微生物的相互作用关系,揭示该类药物的生物降解机制,在此基础上构建相互协作的能够完全降解磺胺类药物的混菌体系.

英文摘要：

Sulfonamides, one class of the most widely administrated drug in the world, are detected in aquatic environments in China. The residue of sulfonamides has become a major threaten to human being and ecological environment. Biodegradation has become a significant method dealing with sulfonamides residuals. More and more advantages are found during the synergistic degradation of antibiotics（especially for compound pollutions of antibiotics） by bacterial consortia. In this review, we mainly focus on biodegradation of sulfonamides with mixed cultures from natural environment like river sediment and soil, activated sludge and artificial bacterial consortia screening from activated sludge, as well as the characteristics and conditions of sulfonamides biodegradation. Under aerobic conditions, mixed cultures from natural environment were capable of degrading sulfonamides; by using conventional activated sludge, sequencing batch bioreactor, membrane bioreactor, the mixed cultures in activated sludge could successfully degrade these compounds; in some studies sulfonamides were degraded as co-metabolites or single carbon source and/or nitrogen source. Under anaerobic conditions, mixed cultures could successfully degrade sulfonamides. In this article we list some antibiotic degradation systems of artificial bacterial consortia screened from activated sludge. In the end we point out that the trend of future research is construction of efficient artificial bacterial consortia based on interaction relationships and biodegradation mechanisms.