中文摘要：

为了满足浅埋于粗糙面下方多目标测量和检测的需要,采用土水混合物介电常数的Topp方程模型表示大地土壤的介电特性,应用指数型分布粗糙面和Monte Carlo方法模拟大地土壤表面,运用时域有限差分方法研究大地土壤表面与浅埋多目标的宽带复合电磁散射,得出了复合散射系数的频率响应曲线.结果表明,复合散射系数随频率振荡地变化;随土壤表面均方根、土壤含水率、目标截面高度和间距的增大而增大,随目标截面宽度的增大而减小;随电磁波入射角的变化较大且较为复杂;随土壤表面相关长度、目标埋藏深度、目标介电参数的变化较小但较为复杂.与其他数值计算方法相比较,采用时域有限差分方法既可获得较高的准确性,同时又可减少计算时间和内存占用量,而且可以计算地、海粗糙面与附近任意多目标的宽带复合散射.

英文摘要：

Wide-band electromagnetic scattering from multiple objects shallowly buried beneath rough earth soil surfaces has been an important research topic in recent years because of its extensive applications in detecting the buried objects such as mines, pipes, and tunnels. Due to the advantages of finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method in simulating wide-band electromagnetic scattering from rough surface in the presence of multiple objects, the FDTD method under Gaussian differential pulse wave incidence is utilized in the present study to analyze the frequency response of rough soil surfaces with shallowly buried objects, which serves as a basis for the detection and discrimination of objects buried below rough soil surfaces. The Topp equation model that can predict the dielectric constant of soil-water mixture is adopted in the present study to properly describe the dielectric property of earth soil with water. The actual rough land surface is modeled as the realization of a Gaussian random process with exponential spectrum by using Monte Carlo method.Simulation results show that the variation of composite scattering coefficient with frequency is oscillatory. It is also shown that the composite scattering coefficient versus frequency increases with the increase of root-mean-square of soil surface, water ratio of soil, the target section height, and the separation distance of target. However, simulation results indicate that the composite scattering coefficient versus frequency decreases with the increase of target section width.In summary, the variation of wide-band scattering coefficient is very complicated and is very sensitive to the incidence angle of electromagnetic wave. However, the wide-band scattering coefficient under Gaussian differential pulse wave incidence is less sensitive to the correlation length of rough soil surface, the depth of buried objects, and the dielectric constant of target. These qualitative results relating to the frequency response of rough soil surfaces in the presence of multi