中文摘要：

以中国铁路车站作为“节点”,每辆列车经过的相邻两个停靠车站之间连接一条“边”,构成有方向有权重的中国铁路客运网.首先研究了该网络的拓扑结构,包括连接度、聚集系数、最短路径和强度,结果表明中国铁路客运网的连接度分布,强度分布都是介于指数分布和幂率分布之间,是一个具有小世界性质的阶层网络.修建铁路需考虑人口分布,行政区域等因素.铁路固定设施成本高,修建完成后很难做变动,因此需考虑诸多空间地理环境对中国铁路客运网的影响,如站点的连接度和站点的相连站点之间的平均行驶距离之间的关系、车站的分布密度与人口密度的关系,省市集团的强度等,这些结果表明中国铁路客运网的修建也是受到地理环境约束的,呈现出优化性.

英文摘要：

We made a detailed,empirical analysis of the railway network of China（RNC）,in which the stations are treated as nodes and a link exists between every two nodes if there is a train stop at each node.Firstly,we explore the statistical properties of the directed and weighted RNC with respect to the distribution of degree and strength,clustering coefficient and the shorted path length.The results exhibit that the distribution of degree and strength are between the exponential distribution and scale-free.Moreover,the RNC is a hierarchical small-world network.Secondly,the construction of the railway is the result of balance between the economical cost and the degree of need such as the population density and the number of administrative divisions.So the topological properties constrained by the geographic factors are taken into consideration,such as the relation between railroad length and degree,the density distribution of the stations and the population and the community strength of the province.These results proved that the RNC is constrained by the geography and approaches to the optimal construction.