中文摘要：

哺乳动物核转录因子NF-κB（Nuclearfactor of kappa B）家族蛋白在免疫系统中扮演着重要的角色，通过调节与淋巴细胞发育以及生存相关基因的表达参与免疫应答、肿瘤生成和细胞凋亡等生物学进程。IκB（Inhibitor of kappa B）是NF-κB的一种抑制剂，在静息状态下保持NF-κB非活化的状态。当细胞受到外源信号触发时，经过一系列信号传递，IκB发生磷酸化，失去对NF—κB的抑制作用，从而使其入核调控基因表达。作为重要的功能蛋白，NF-κB和IκB在低等到高等动物中均有表达，并且在功能上也相对保守。本文选取了从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物中几种具有代表性动物的NF-κB和IκB的相关研究进行综述，以期为相关领域的研究工作提供参考。

英文摘要：

The mammalian nuclear transcription factors NF-κB （Nuclear factor of kappa B） family plays a central role in the immune system, and participates in immune responses, tumorigenesis and apoptosis by regulating the genes involved in the development and survival of lymphocytes. Inhibitor of kappa B （IκB） is an inhibitor of NF-κB, which keeps NF-κB inactive. When cells are stimulated by external signals, activated IκB is phosphorylated, releasing the NF-κB heterodimers, which migrate into the nucleus and regulate gene expression. NF-κB and IκB are conserved in both higher and lower animals. Herein we review the investigations about NF-κB and IκB from several model organisms, in order to provide amore comprehensive reference for future research.