中文摘要：

镜像神经元是意大利帕尔玛大学Rizzolatti等人在恒河猴大脑腹侧运动前皮层F5区发现的一种神经元。这种神经元在猴子操作和观察同一个指向某种目标的动作时（如伸手抓食物）皆被激活，似乎这种神经元映射了其它个体的动作，因此被命名为“镜像神经元”。镜像神经元通过具身的模拟把动作的执行和动作的知觉结合在一起，把观察过程与身体运动过程相融合，克服了二元论在身心之间所设爨的障碍，为人们正确认识身心关系开辟了新的视角。尽管镜像神经元的发现存在着一些争沦，但是许多研究业已证明，镜像神经元仍然是一个具有较强解释力的概念。

英文摘要：

It was originally discovered by neuroscientist Rizzolatti and his group in the University of Parma, Italy, in the early 1990s, that a mirror neuron represents a special class of brain cells that can fire both when the macaque executes a goal-directed motor act and when it observes another agent performing the same or a similar goal-directed motor act. They were called mirror neurons just because they seemed to directly reflect another individual＇s act in observer＇s brain. Functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate that there is also a mirror neuron system in the human being. This kind of mirror mechanism allows us to directly understand the meaning of the actions of others by internally simulating them without any conscious efforts. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system that may match act execution and act observation, and connect cognition with body＇s sensor-motor systems. Therefore, it seems that mirror neurons bridge the gap between mind and body, and support the view that a body＇s sensory-motor system has the right kind of structure to characterize both mind and behavior. It opens a new vision for reconsidering the mind-body relationship. In the author＇s opinion, the mirror mecha- nism provides us with an original and primary way to understand the actions and experiences of others from the inside, and makes sense of their behaviors on the basis of our own motor possibilities. Mirror neuron systems, therefore, tie closely our internal cognitive proces- ses with peripheral sensory-motor system, making the mind and body become one thing. Conclusions from the above are ： （ 1 ） The mind and body are not two kinds of substance, but one integrated mass. Our body＇s physical and physiological processes and our mental processes, in the essence, are different respects of the same activity of adaptation. They are one activity instead of two. Mirror neurons fire both when the animal manipulates an object and when it sees another animal performs the similar action, just because action execu- ti