中文摘要：

高考是社会最关注的焦点问题之一，高考改革牵涉公平、科学和效率。国务院发布的《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》为高考改革定了调。而实施则关系到理念与现实的冲突，测验考试技术与可操作性的冲突，还涉及不同类型人群、部门利益诉求的冲突。在梳理了恢复高考以来的社会发展与需求，高考方方面面改革的基础上，就如何深化高考改革，使高考改革意见的内容得到全面落实，使得高考改革在科学、公平、公正、效率的基础上，对社会经济发展，大学发展人才培养和使用，促进教育教学改革都有支持和帮助。

英文摘要：

National College Entrance Examination（NCEE）is one of the focal issues of social concern;its reform involves falr, science and efficiency. The“Executive Opinions on deepening the examination enrollment system reform”which was issued by the State Council set the tone for NCEE. However, the implementation is not only related to conflicts of the concept and reality, the technology and operability of examinations, but also involves conflicts of different types of people and departmental interests. On the basis of reviewing social development and needs since reopening NCEE and all aspects of the reform of NCEE, we discuss how to deepen the reform of NCEE, which alms to make the reform contents of NCEE have been fully implemented and the reform of NCEE can be on the basis of science, falr, justice and efficiency. Besides, deepening the reform of NCEE is helpful and supportive to the development of socio-economic, the personnel tralning of university development and the promotion of educational teaching reform.