中文摘要：

切削过程中的许多物理现象，如切削力、切削热、刀具的磨损、积屑瘤以及切削振动等，都还需要作进一步的深入研究。这些物理现象都与切屑形成过程的规律密切相关。为开展金属切削机理研究，研制了一种爆炸式快速落刀装置，使刀具能以较大的加速度和工件分离，以获得切屑根部。介绍了装置的结构和工作原理，并利用研制的装置在CA6140普通车床上进行了45钢的快速落刀试验，得到了金相显微照片。试验结果表明，该装置可以很好地满足切削机理研究的需要。

英文摘要：

The cutting chip formation mechanism influences the cutting process greatly. The cutting force, cutting heat, tool wear, built-up edge and cutting vibration, etc., all need further in-depth study. All of these physical phenomena is closely related to the law of chip formation process.An explosive quick-stop device is developed to research the metal cutting mechanism. By the use of the device, the cutting process is stopped quickly by moving the cutter and work material apart at a higher acceleration and the frozen cutting chip root is acquired. The structure and operating principle are described. The quick-stop test is executed on the CA6140 lathe by using the device and the metallograph is obtained. The test result indicates that the device can meet the needs of metal cutting investigation properly.