中文摘要：

在降雨量比较大或气温比较寒冷的地区,零通量面法就不适用于地下水蒸渗量的计算。为了解决这一问题,应该选择一种合适的方法来配合计算。介绍了瞬时剖面法的几种计算形式,即零通量面法、瞬时剖面水量差法、定位通量法和彭曼公式法等。通过对地中蒸渗计观测资料的初步分析,运用上述方法对其观测数据进行计算和误差分析。结果表明,地下水蒸渗量计算需要根据当地的自然气候条件、岩性以及地下水埋深来确定,方法选择的好坏直接影响到计算精度。另外,计算边界的选择和负压计的精确性也是造成各种计算方法误差的重要因素。

英文摘要：

In the areas with high precipitation and low temperature,zero flux plane method is not fit for calculation of groundwater evapotranspiration and infiltration.To resolve this problem,a suit one should be selected.First of all,several methods to calculate groundwater evapotranspiration and infiltration are introduced such as zero flux plane method,instant profile method,orientated flux method and Penman equation,et al.and its principals,calculation expressions,the applying conditions and the effects of these methods.By the primary analysis of observation of lysimeter,the methods above mentioned are used for calculation and error analysis of groundwater evapotranspiration and infiltration.The results showed that the method to calculate the groundwater evapotranspiration and infiltration should be selected according to the local natural conditions,lithologic characters and groundwater tables.The selected method directly affects the precision in calculation.In addition,the calculating limit and the accuracy of the tensiometer are important factors that result in calculating errors.