中文摘要：

运用联立方程的广义矩系统估计方法,考察了1985~2013年中国城市化、碳排放与经济增长之间的相互影响机制,评估了不同时段的减排收益与成本。结果表明,城市化率每提高1%,可增加GDP 0.671%,但同时推动碳强度上升0.274%;化解城市化与碳减排之间矛盾的关键在于如何有效降低减排的经济成本,发展第三产业,而降低第二产业比重等措施则需要甄别选用;2005~2013年期间,中国碳减排的单位成本是前10年的2.05倍,过快的第二产业比重降速与清洁能源比重增速是减排成本快速上升的根本原因;未来减排策略的重点是：短期内为实现2020年的减排目标,必须确保固定资产投资的能耗强度和能源强度在2014~2020年期间的年均降速分别不低于5.396%和3.451%;长期来看,加快推动发展模式的低碳转型,转变经济增长方式等措施是关键手段。

英文摘要：

This paper investigates the mechanism of mutual influence between China＇s urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions as well as economic growth during 1985~2013 by using Generalized Method of Moment for simultaneous equations, and estimates benefits and costs of emission reduction during different time sections. The research results show that： every increase of 1% of the level of urbanization in China raises GDP 0. 671% but increases the carbon intensity 0. 274%; The key of resolving the contradiction between urbanization and the carbon dioxide emission reduction is that how to effectively reduce the cost of emis- sions reduction. Four kinds of emission reduction measures such as developing the third in- dustry are the preferred means of emission reduction, however, six kinds of emission reduc- tion measures such as reducing the proportion of secondary industry need to be screened.