中文摘要：

针对家庭经济学中孩子数量质量替代理论尚存的争议问题,使用我国农村微观调查数据,考察我国农村家庭规模对子女人力资本积累的影响机制,以验证理论在我国的适用性。研究发现,家庭规模越大,孩子数量越多,子女的平均受教育程度越低；但这一规律仅对女孩有显著影响,这也佐证了我国生育率下降确实有助于提高女性的人力资本积累的结论。另外,还论证了当前的生育政策调整,并不会造成农村生育水平的强烈反弹。

英文摘要：

Aiming at the disputes of quantity and quality alternative theory in family economics,using the data of China′s rural micro survey,the paper inspects the effect mechanism of China′s rural family size on children′s human capital accumulation to verify the applicability of the theory in our country.Studies show that the bigger family size is,the greater the number of children is,the lower the average level of education is.But the rule only has a significant effect on girls,this also illustrates the falling of China′s fertility rates which does help to improve women′s human capital accumulation.In addition,it also demonstrates that the adjustment of current fertility policy will not cause rural fertility rebound.