中文摘要：

按蚊属（Anopheles Meigen）是最重要的医学昆虫类群之一,其中很多种类是传播疟疾的重要媒介。本文根据近些年来国内外按蚊属的研究文献（特别是《Zoological Record》）以及本实验室对按蚊属的分类学研究结果,总结了中国按蚊属分类学的研究历史、研究现状、系统发育关系和地理区系,更新了中国按蚊属的分类系统。目前中国已知按蚊属蚊虫2亚属62种,其中按蚊亚属（Anopheles）在中国共2派、3系、6组、4亚组,塞蚊亚属（Cellia）共4系、7组、6亚组。分布在东洋区的有45种,占中国按蚊属总数的72.58%;分布在古北区的有6种,占9.68%;跨古北区与东洋区的有11种,占17.74%。形态分类方法在针对复合体内姊妹种的分类鉴定和系统发生学研究上存在一定的局限性,需要结合分子分类学方法来进行研究。目前,建立更多的分子鉴定标准来确定复合种在蚊科中的分类地位是蚊虫分类研究的重要工作,而不断丰富蚊虫的基因组数据也是当前蚊虫系统发生研究的一个新的方向。

英文摘要：

The genus Anopheles is one group of the most important medical insects, many of which are important malaria vectors. This paper summarized the research history, research status, phylogenetic relationships and geographic distribution, and updated the classification system of the genus Anopheles based on the research literature, especially Zoological Record and the taxonomic re- search in our laboratory. Up to now, the genus Anopheles has 2 known subgenus, 62 known species in China. The subgenus A- nopheles is divided into 2 Sections, 3 Series, 6 Groups and 4 subgroups. The subgenus Cellia is divided into 4 Series, 7 Groups and 6 Subgroups. Geographical fauna analysis showed that there are 45 species distributed in the Oriental Region, making up 72.58 % of the total species number of the genus Anopheles in China; 6 species in the Palaearctic region, account for 9.68% of the total; and 11 species have distribution across both the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions, making up 17.74% of the total. The limitations in mor- phological identification of sibling species require the combination of morphological taxonomy and molecular taxonomical method not only for species identification but also for phylogenetic studies. Presently, molecular identification standard for sibling species in complex is still a important work to elucidate the taxonomic status of species, and increasing genomic data is a new prospective to e- lucidate the phylogenetic relationship of mosquitoes.