中文摘要：

以玛曲县草地生态系统为研究对象,采用风险效益成本比较法,分析各乡（镇）实施生态补偿的参与成本和草地生态服务的贡献,并计算出各乡（镇）的风险效益成本比R。以各乡（镇）的行政边界为生态补偿的空间边界,以风险效益成本比R为生态补偿的优先程度,将玛曲县的8个乡（镇）分为一类补偿区、二类补偿区、三类补偿区,采取有差别的补偿政策。在生态补偿初期以参与成本为补偿标准,在生态补偿中后期以机会成本和交易成本之和为补偿标准。研究结果显示：①在生态补偿初期尼玛、欧拉、曼日玛为一类补偿区,应优先得到补偿,补偿标准分别是3811.20元/（hm2a）、3889.77元/（hm2a）、3763.20元/（hm2a）;②为提高生态补偿资金的效率,应在草地生态系统恢复过程中建立动态的监测体系,及时调整补偿的优先度和补偿标准;③补偿时要进行畜牧业养殖模式转变、劳动力有效释放和产业结构调整等,从根本上协调草地生态系统的利用和保护关系,从而保证草地生态系统的持续稳定。

英文摘要：

As grassland ecosystems deteriorate their value is being increasingly recognized. Payment for ecosystem services is an economic measure to improve the protection of grassland ecosystems. Standards and priority of payment for ecosystem services have received much attention, and these factors directly affect the fairness and effectiveness of payment for ecosystem services. Here we use the grassland ecosystem of Maqu County as a case study. We analyzed participation costs and grassland ecosystem service contributions for each town. Participation costs, including opportunity costs, implementation costs and transaction costs, were constructed to determine the standards of payment for ecosystem services across Maqu County. The risk-benefit cost ratio was calculated to indicate the priority degree of payment for ecosystem services. Using the administrative divisions of each town as spatial boundaries of payment for ecosystem services and taking the degree of payment for ecosystem services, all towns in Maqu County were divided into three types of compensation zones. The priority degree of payment for ecosystem services is the same as the efficiency of payment for ecosystem services in the three types of compensation zones. Priority compensation zones are the most efficient. In the initial period of payment for ecosystem services, the standards equal participation costs. In the middle and final periods, the standards are the sum of the opportunity costs and transaction costs. In the initial period of payment for ecosystem services, the priority compensation zones cover Nima, Manrima and Oula, and the standards are 3811.20 Yuan（/hm 2 a）, 3889.77 Yuan（/hm 2 a）, and 3763.20yuan（/hm 2 a）. The second degree compensation zones cover Awancang, Qihama and Cairima, and the standards are 4080.83 Yuan（/hm 2 a）, 4211.77 Yuan（/hm 2 a）, and 4120.93 Yuan（/hm 2 a）. The third degree compensation zones cover Oulaxiuma and Muxihe, and the standards are 4067.48 Yuan（/hm 2 a） and 3173.91 Yuan/hm 2 a. With the rest