中文摘要：

抑郁症认知障碍的突出表现之一为患者的负性记忆偏向。已有研究常关注患者对负性信息自下而上的选择性注意，往往忽略了自上而下执行控制障碍对记忆的影响。近年研究提示，抑郁症患者和抑郁状态个体的记忆抑制缺陷在其负性记忆偏向的形成和维持中起到了重要作用，无法有效地主动抑制负性记忆可能是患者持续性负性反刍的主要原因。从抑郁症自上而下的执行控制缺陷入手，研究患者的记忆抑制障碍与其主要症状－负性反刍间的相关性，不仅能从理论上丰富Beck的抑郁症认知模型，还能指导临床建立更准确的预后评估指标，同时制定更有效的治疗方案。本文分别介绍了健康成人及抑郁症患者和抑郁状态个体的记忆抑制研究现状，并就当前在抑郁人群研究领域亟待解决的三个问题进行了探讨。

英文摘要：

Negative memory bias is one of the prominant cognitive deficits in depression. Previous studies mainly focused on the bottom-up selective attention to negative information in depressive individuals or the patients with depressive disorder. The influence of the top-down executive control deficit on memory has been largely ignored. Recent studies indicate that the deficit of memory suppression plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of negative memory bias in depression. The main reason that depressive individuals persistently and negatively ruminate is that they cannot effectively perform motivated forgetting of negative events / stimuli. The relevant study will be of great importance in the improvement of the cognitive model of depressive disorder and the planning of therapeutic schedules for patients. The current mini-review introduced recent studies on memory suppression （or motivated forgetting） in healthy adults and in individuals with depressive disorder / tendency. In general, there are two stages of memory suppression, namely the encoding stage and the retrieval stage. With regard to the memory suppression at the encoding stage, the directed forgetting paradigm is usually employed to compare the number of remembered items between the to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten conditions. The effect of directed forgetting in healthy subjects is reflected by the performance in the post-test, which shows that the remembered items are more in to-be-remembered condition, compared with the remembered items in to-be-forgotten condition. Recent studies in healthy adults revealed that the effect of directed forgetting is not only due to the mechanism of selective rehearsal, but is also associated with the motivated forgetting in the memory encoding. With regard to the memory suppression at the retrieval stage, the think / no think paradigm is usually employed to compare the number of the remembered cue-target pairs between the think and the no-think conditions. The suppression-induced forgetting can