中文摘要：

法国的大学作为学术性、文化性、专业性的“公共设施法人”，对教育、研究、管理、财政享有自主权。大学教师主要有教授、副教授、助教。大学教师的身份是公务员，因此，大学教师既要遵循作为国家公务员的规则，又要符合大学教师特别身份的规程。大学教师系终身性质，不能解聘，如有不称职者，惩罚措施是不予升职。大学教授作为国家公务员，是由校方先定候补者，再由国家进行任命，并决定其工资待遇。聘任助教，是根据国民教育部长公布的助教缺额一览表，以大学区为单位进行公开招聘，由聘任的大学专门委员会经过个别审查做出决定。

英文摘要：

The universities in France, which are the corporations of public establishment characterized with learning, culture and profession, are granted the autonomy on education, research, management, and finance. University teachers, classified as professor, associate professor and teaching assistant, are public agent, so they can work until retiring age. If they are incompetent, the punishment is not to let them go up along the ladder of career. The professor needs to be recommended by university firstly, and then appointed by govemment. Based on the vacancy list published by Educational Ministry, the assistant teacher is appointed separately from the school district by university committee openly.