中文摘要：

美国的高等教育机构主要有综合大学、文理大学、专业大学（学院）、短期大学四大类型。各州负责本州的高等教育管理工作，联邦政府没有直接的指导权。美国各大学教师的任命权一般是在大学理事会，对大学教师的管理实行试用制、任期制和终身制同时并行的制度。大学教师主要有教授、副教授、助理教授、讲师四种类型。为避免近亲繁殖，学校通常不直接接受本校毕业的研究生。

英文摘要：

There are four kinds of higher education institutions in America： general universities, literary and scientific universities, professional universities or colleges, and short - term universities. The power of managing universities belongs to the states, and the Federal Government can not manage universities directly. The Board of Trustees in universities has the power and responsibility to employ faculty. The system of faculty＇ s management ineludes probation system, limited - period system and tenure system. Faculties are to be classified as professors, associate professors, assistant professors and instructors. To avoid the in - in breed, university does not employ faculties graduated from itself.