中文摘要：

抗肿瘤靶向药物已经成为临床肿瘤治疗的主要手段之一,这些药物的广泛使用也促进了精准医学的快速发展。基因组学及相关生物医学技术的广泛应用、肿瘤免疫疗法的突破使精准地预测对抗肿瘤药物敏感的患者成为可能。利用生物标志物筛选敏感患者进行富集设计,使成功上市的靶向新药克唑替尼的临床评价模式,与传统细胞毒类药物的研发模式明显不同,开创了临床精准抗肿瘤评价的新时代。此外,本综述还探讨了肿瘤的异质性、耐药性与准确预测靶向药物敏感性的关系。通过上述问题的深入探讨,对抗肿瘤靶向药物敏感性的预测及其新药研发提供了新视角。

英文摘要：

The targeted antitumor agents have become one of the primary methods of clinical tumor therapy. Their popular application has significantly promoted rapid development of the precision medicine. The wide application of genomics and related biotechnologies as well as breakthrough of tumor immunotherapy make it possible to precisely predict the sensitivity to antitumor agents in the tumor-suffered patients. The new targeted agent crizotinib, which is used as a biomarker to screen sensitive individuals based on enrichment strategy in clinical trials and had already approved for the market, is distinctly different from research and development modes of traditional chemotherapy. It has created a new era of clinical evaluation for precision oncology. In this article, the relationship between tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance and accurate prediction of sensitivity to targeted agents were also discussed. These will provide new outlook for the prediction of the sensitivities to targeted antitumor agents and the application in the process of research and development.