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中文摘要：
由于应力约束按单元计,加之多工况,使得连续体结构拓扑优化由于约束数目太多,导致应力敏度分析计算量太大而无法接受.基于第四强度理论提出了应力约束条件全局化处理的方法,化为全局替代约束--总应变能约束,用ICM方法对总应变能约束条件下的连续体结构拓扑优化进行建模及求解,其过程分为三步：第一步选择最大应变能对应的工况,在给定重量下求出最小结构总应变能;第二步提出一个数值经验公式,借助第一步的结果,计算出各工况下的许用总应变能;第三步以第二步计算出来的各工况的许用总应变能作为约束,以重量为目标建立模型并求解.顺便指出,第二步的处理方法可以处理载荷相差特别大的情况,即病态载荷情况.数值算例表明：全局性应力约束可以更好地得到传力路径,对于处理多工况问题具有优势.
英文摘要：
Stress constraints are associated with each element. Therefore, a large number of constraints must be considered; and the sensitivity analyses associated with stress constraints is too expensive to be acceptable. Structure may also be subjected to multiple loading combinations, which increases the number of constraints and computation costs. Based on the von Mises strength theory, overall elements＇ stress constraints are transformed into a structural energy constraint, namely, a global constraint substituting for many local constraints. ICM method is adopted to formulate and solve the problem of the topology optimization of continuum structure subjected to the global strain energy constraint. The process of optimization is divided into three steps： （a） the maximal structural energy subjected to a weight constraint is minimized to converge to minimum; （b） according to the minimum energy, a formula based on numerical experience is obtained to determine the allowable structural energy under each load combination; （c） an optimization model with the weight function subjected to all allowable structural energies is established and solved to search for the optimum topological structure. The allowable structural energy given by the formula in the second step can handle the cases of large load-differenceor morbid loadings. Several numerical examples show that the path of load transfer can be obtained using the global constraints of stresses, convenient for multiple loading combinations.
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