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中文摘要：
以矮化红富士苹果幼苗为试验材料,采用交替滴灌（ADI）、固定滴灌（FDI）和常规滴灌（CDI）3种滴灌方式和3种灌水量对苹果幼苗的生理特性和水分利用效率进行了研究,以阐明根系分区交替灌溉下苹果幼苗生理特性和节水机理。结果表明：与CDI方式相比,当灌水定额由20 mm增大到30 mm时,ADI方式提高了苹果幼苗根干重、根系导水率、叶水势和净光合速率,降低了其蒸腾速率、棵间蒸发量和蒸散量,从而使得ADI方式下的叶片水分利用效率、总水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率较CDI方式大大提高;3种滴灌方式的根系导水率均存在显著的季节变化,并以8月份最大,12月份最小;与CDI方式相比,ADI和FDI方式在节水达33.3%时的平均根系导水率仅分别降低了5.81%和14.7%,但水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率分别较CDI方式高出16.31%和14.48%、40.52%和27.65%。可见,局部根区灌溉方式能促进苹果幼苗生长和光合作用,并主要通过提高根系导水率的途径来提高水分利用效率。
英文摘要：
Taking dwarfing Red Fuji apple as experiment material,we studied the effect of partial root-zone different drying strategies （alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation （ADD ,fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation （FDI）,conventional drip irrigation （CDI）） and watering quantity on apple seedlings physiological characteristics and water use efficiency. The results indicated that leaf water use efficiency, total water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of ADI is greatly enhanced with that the root dry weight and root hydraulic conductivity are improved and the rate of transpiration,amount of soil evaporation and the evapotranspiration quantity are decreased respectively compared with that of CDI. There were significant seasonal variations about every treatment＇s root hydraulic conductance,the largest and the smallest value in August and December, respectively. ADI and FDI could save 33.3% of irrigation water while average root hydraulic conductivity only reduced 5.81% and 14.7% ,but average total water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency are enhanced by 16.31%and 14.48%,40.52% and 27.65% ,respectively,which indicate that the root hydraulic conductivity plays an important role in water use efficiency under partial root-zone irrigation strategies.
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