中文摘要：

通过对“科瀚”保水剂在不同盐和肥料溶液中的吸水率和施加在两种土壤中的水分特征曲线测定，研究了保水剂对土壤保水持肥性能的影响．结果表明：保水剂在去离子水中的吸水率为337g／g，含盐量为0％--0．1％范围内吸水率变化最大；在0．1％NaCl溶液中的吸水率仅为蒸馏水的45．6％．化学肥料能显著降低保水剂的吸水率，并随着肥料浓度的增加，保水剂的吸水率显著降低．但不同的化学肥料对保水剂吸水率的影响程度不同；肥料对保水剂的影响程度依尿素、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾、氯化铵依次递增．保水剂施加于土壤中，土壤持水能力显著变强；在0．01—1．5MPa土壤水吸力范围内，能显著提高土壤持水容量，从而增加作物被利用的有效水分含量，其中黄绵土（沙壤土）较娄土（重壤土）有显著增加；保水剂与肥料施加在土壤中，土壤持水能力随着肥料浓度的增加而降低，作物被利用的有效水分含量也有所减少．土壤中NO3^--N持留特性受土壤水吸力的影响，在低吸力条件下，质地较重的娄土对NO3^--N持留量较黄绵土大；随着保水剂用量的增加，离心滤液中的NO3^--N浓度呈现减小趋势，土壤NO3^--N淋失也减少，从而对土壤的持肥能力有明显的增加作用．

英文摘要：

To illustrate the influence of super absorbent polymer and fertilizers on soil moisture and nutrient retention, the interactions between different concentration solutions, fertilizers and KH super absorbent polymers （SAP） with different water absorbent rate （WAR） were studied. The results were as follows ： The absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer in distilled water was 337g/g, it showed a great change while the solution concentration was within the range of 0%-0. 1%. The absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer in 0. 1% solution concentration was 45. 6% of that in distilled water. Chemical fertilizers could obviously decrease the WAR of SAP, and the WAR of SAP were markedly decreased with the fertilizer concentration increased. However, different fertilizers had different impacts on the absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer. The effects of fertilizer on the WAR were： urea 〈 potassium dehydrogenate 〈 potassium chloride 〈 ammonium chloride. Water retention power increased as SAP was added to soil. When the soil water potential was in the range of 0.01-- 1.5Mpa, there were obviously increases in soil water retention capacity. Thereby, compared with Lou earth, it could significantly increase available soil water content of crops in cultivated Loessial soil. However, in the soil with both SAP and fertilizers, soil water-holding capacity decreased as the concentration of fertilizer increased, and available soil water content of crops decreased significantly. Soil water potential had impacts on soil nitrate-holding capacity. In the range of 〈 0. 1Mpa soil water potential, there were more increase in soil nitrate-holding capacity of cultivated Loessial soil than that of Lou earth. Nitrate concentration in centrifugal fhrated solution showed decreasing trend while the SAP concentration increased, thereby, soil nutrient holding capacity were significantly increased with the concentration of nitrate leaching decreased.