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汉江上游白河段万年尺度洪水水文学研究

ISSN号：1000-0690
期刊名称：Scientia Geographica Sinica
时间：2012
页码：971-978
分类：P539.6[天文地球—古生物学与地层学;天文地球—地质学]
作者机构：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安7100621
相关基金：国家自然基金重点项目（41030637）、国家社科基金重点项目（11AZS009）、教育部博士点基金优先发展领域项目（20110202130002）、陕西省教育厅科学研究项目（12JK0486）和陕西省软科学研究计划项目（2012KRM119）资助.
相关项目：汉江上游(南水北调水源区)万年尺度古洪水水文学研究

关键词：古洪水, 滞流沉积物, 万年尺度, 全新世, 汉江, palaeoflood, slackwater deposit, Holocene, 10000-year time-scale, Hanjiang River

中文摘要：

通过对汉江上游的考察，在多个地点发现占洪水滞流沉积层夹在古土壤层与坡积石渣土层或坡积角砾层中。选择白河段JJTZ剖面进行沉积学和水文学研究。对于采集的全新世古洪水滞流沉积样品，进行沉积学分析，与2010年现代洪水滞流沉积物进行对比，结合其宏观特征确认其为汉江洪水悬移质沉积物，粒度成分分类为细沙质粉沙。它们记录了汉江上游特大古洪水事件。通过地层学射比分析和OSL测年断代，确定其发生在全新世中期-晚期转折阶段，即3200～2800aB．P.。利用沉积学和古水文学原理恢复古洪水洪峰水位，采用比降法计算出两次古洪水洪峰流量为40180m3／s和49170m3／s。该结果大大延长了洪水水文数据序列，从而能够建立汉江上游万年尺度洪水流量-频率关系，对于揭示汉江上游水文过程对于全球变化的响应规律具有重要的科学意义，对于防洪减灾和水资源水能源工程建设具有重要的现实意义。

英文摘要：

Palaeoflood hydrological studies were carried out in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Palaeo-flood slackwater deposit was found at the JJTZ site in the Baihe reach in the bedrock gorges. Analysis of the grain-size distribution indicates that these SWD consist of sandy silt, sourced from the suspended sediment load of the floodwater. Stratigraphic correlation with the chronological framework established in the Weihe River basin OSL dating show that these extreme floods occurred at the turn from middle to late Holocene.about 3200-2800 a B.P. at the end or-the mld-l-lolocene Climatic optimum, tne peak olscnarges of the palaeoflood range from 40 180 m3/s to 49 170 m3/s, which are much larger than the gauged largest floods. These results were further tested and proved to be reliable with reconstruction of the modem floods at the same reach with the same method. This research is of great importance in hydrological engineering and flood mitigation. And it is also very important in establishment of the relationships between extreme flood events and global climate change.

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