中文摘要：

目的 了解中国城乡居民两周患病未就诊行为的影响因素,为促进居民卫生服务利用提供参考。方法于2015年7—8月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在中国东、中、西部抽取6个省（自治区）的36个县3 186户共10 376名居民为调查对象,基于安德森卫生服务利用行为模型设计调查问卷,通过面对面入户调查的方法收集资料;使用χ^2检验和二分类logistic回归方法分析居民两周患病未就诊的影响因素。结果 居民两周患病率为19.9%,两周患病未就诊率为45.7%;经过χ^2检验和logistic回归分析结果显示,城市居民未就诊率（50.7%）高于农村（38.9%）,男性居民未就诊率（48.5%）高于女性（43.6%）,东部（50.8%）和西部（52.9%）居民未就诊率均高于中部（33.5%）、年龄≥80岁（52.1%）、婚姻状况为其他（49.6%）、文化程度初中高中及中专（51.0%）、人均年收入3 001~5 000元（52.3%）、到二级及以上医疗机构时间〉60 min（57.3%）的居民未就诊率较高,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论 中国城乡居民两周患病未就诊的影响因素为城乡、地区、年龄、性别和到二级及以上医疗机构时间;应对居民进行健康宣教,科学合理配置卫生资源。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore influencing factors of two-week prevalence of not visiting a doctor among ill residents in urban and rural China and to provide references for promoting health service utilization in the residents. Methods With multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, all residents in 3 240 households were selected from 36 counties in 6 provinces across China. Data were collected via a face-to-face household survey using a self-designed questionnaire based on Anderson＇s behavior model for health service utilization. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used in data analyses. Results The two-week disease prevalence rate was 19. 9% among the 10 376 respondents with valid information; of the ill respondents, the two-week prevalence of not visiting a doctor was 45.7% ; the results of χ^2 test and logistic regression analysis revealed a higher two-week prevalence rate of not visiting a doctor among the ill residents in urban areas than among those in rural areas （50.7% vs. 38.9% ）, among the ill males than among the ill females （48. 5% vs. 43.6% ）, and among the ill residents in eastern and western China than among those in central China （50. 8% and 52. 9% vs. 33.5% ）. Significantly higher two-week prevalence rate of not visiting a doctor was verified among the ill residents aged 80 years or older （52. 1% ） ,with marital status of other than married or single （49. 6% ）, with the education of high school or technical secondary school （51.0% ）, having per capita annual income of 3 001 - 5 000 RMB Yuan （52. 3% ） ,and taking more than 60 minutes to reach a medical institution at secondary level （57.3%） （P 〈 0. 05 for all）. Conclusion The influencing factors of two-week prevalence rate of not visiting a doctor among ill residents in urban and rural China include residential area, region of hometown, age, gender, and the time for reaching a medical institution at secondary level; the results suggest that health education should be promoted among residents a