运用服务展开差异化竞争、增强产品竞争力已成为国内制造企业的战略选择.根据前期理论研究和产业实践,认为国内制造企业的服务增强具有明显的“质量弥补”特征:以服务质量弥补实体产品质量的不足;而国内的生产要素成本结构,决定了企业能以低成本的劳动力要素替代高成本的资本要素,通过大量的人工投入提供服务以实现质量弥补.基于资源配置视角,构建了要素替代实证模型,采用清华大学技术创新研究中心2005年制造业调查数据,运用因子分析和结构方程模型进行了假设检验,考察了产品类别和企业规模两个控制变量的作用.研究发现:虽然国内某些制造企业开始了基于要素替代的质量弥补,但这并不具有统计意义;要素替代变量对组织资源与组织绩效间的关系不具有显著的正向调节作用,而是通过对企业资源投入变量的作用对企业绩效产生间接作用.质量弥补型的服务竞争是我国制造企业在特定条件下的一种低端竞争行为,但将在一定时期内发挥重要作用.
Service-based differentiation competition has been adopted by domestic Chinese manufacturing firms as an important competitive tool. This article puts forward the view of "quality compensation" of service-enhancement of manufacturing firms in China. The cost structure of domestic production factor makes it possible for domestic firms to substitute high-cost capital factor for low-cost labor factor, through which firms can provide person-based service. This article builds a factor-substitution model, and uses large-scale survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms (2005) to test the a hypotheses. Some key findings are found. Service differentiation competition is a short-term and low-end competition behavior under the specific circumstances for Chinese manufacturing firms.