中文摘要：

多柱芯体并联结构避雷器在特高压交流输电系统和串联电容补偿装置中得到了广泛应用,其暂态热特性的优劣直接影响运行可靠性,应通过合理设计确保其暂态热稳定性。对多柱芯体并联结构避雷器暂态热特性计算方法进行了研究,分析了暂态温升的计算方法,计算了避雷器散热过程的初始条件。根据避雷器散热过程的温度场方程,利用有限元法建立了多柱芯体并联结构避雷器散热特性三维计算模型。设计了避雷器比例单元,进行了暂态温升计算分析和试验,采用2ms方波电流试验方法在较短时间内给芯体注入较大的能量以模拟系统中避雷器芯体的暂态温升过程,测量了每次试验芯体产生的温升。设计了4柱芯体并联结构的避雷器试品,进行了避雷器散热特性计算和试验。试验中,采用工频电流法对避雷器试品进行加热,利用光纤光栅传感器测量避雷器散热过程中的电阻片温度变化。计算和试验对比结果表明,暂态温升的计算结果较实测温升高,计算结果与实测结果的误差均〈5%,暂态温升计算方法是有效的。散热特性的计算结果较试验结果偏严,误差〈5%,验证了采用多柱芯体并联结构避雷器散热特性计算方法计算避雷器的自然散热特性的有效性。

英文摘要：

The multi-column parallel structure surge arrester has widely been applied in the UHV system and series capacitor compensation device.The operation reliability of surge arrester is directly determined by its transient thermal characteristics.The reasonable design is urgently needed to insure the excellent transient thermal reliability of surge arrester.Consequently,we investigated the calculation method for transient thermal characteristics of multi-column parallel structure surge arrester,analyzed the method of calculating transient temperature rise,and presented the initial conditions of surge arrester heat dissipation.Moreover,according to the temperature field equation in the course of surge arrester heat dissipation,we established the calculation model of multi-column structure surge arrester heat dissipation thermal characteristics by utilizing the three-dimensional finite element method.The transient temperature rise test and calculation were implemented in a designed proportion unit surge arrester.The 2ms square wave current test method was utilized to inject large energy into the core in a relatively short time in order to simulate the surge arrester transient temperature rise in actual system.The temperature rise was measured in each test.Furthermore,a four-column parallel structure surge arrester was constructed.The heat dissipation thermal characteristics test and calculation were carried out in the surge arrester.The power frequency current method was carried out for surge arrester sample heating in test.The fiber Bragg grating sensors were used to measure the surge arrester temperature changes during the heat dissipation process.The comparison results show that the calculation of transient temperature rise is higher than the measured temperature rise,the error of calculated and measured results is within 5%,and the transient temperature rise calculation method is effective.Compared with the test results,the calculation results of heat dissipation thermal characteristics are higher,and the errors are