中文摘要：

为进一步深入研究长间隙放电机理和特性并以其模拟雷击放电，采用光学成像、传感、数据采集等最新技术和仪器，初步建立了一套由高速摄影仪、冲击电压分压器、Rogowski线圈电流测量仪、集成光波导暂态电场测量仪、普通摄像机等组成的长间隙放电综合观测系统，并详细介绍了该观测系统的结构及各观测手段的技术原理和特点，给出并讨论了3131棒板间隙正极性操作冲击放电过程典型观测结果。研究表明：与传统观测手段和系统相比，作者建立的观测系统具有光学图像清晰直观、观测和测量速度快、抗干扰能力强、信息数据量更加丰富等优点，可作为长间隙放电研究的重要观测手段。

英文摘要：

Long air gap discharge is one of the most important fundamental problems and also a complicated physical phenomenon, which involves the electric, optical, thermal processes and so on. Observation system is the basic means to study the mechanism and characteristics of long air gap discharges. Consulting the previous studies such as those famous ones conducted by Les Renardieres group, this paper applies the latest optical imaging technologies, sensor technologies, data acquisition technologies, etc. , and establishes an integrated observation system for long air gap discharges. The observation system is composed of the high speed video camera, impulse voltage divider, Rogowski coil current sensor, optical waveguide impulse electric field sensor, and ordinary digital video. The structure and arrangement of the observation system as well as the principle and technical parameters of each instrument are presented in this paper. Tests of .3 m rod to plane air gap discharges under positive switching impulse voltage are conducted and observed with the observation system, and numbers of continuous streamer/leader discharge images, the impulse voltage waveform, the current waveform through the grounding plane, and the electric field waveform near the discharge channel in each discharge are recorded successfully. The observation results show that compared with the other previous observation systems, the system established in this paper has many advantages such as a higher optical imaging quality, a higher observation and measurement speed, a stronger anti-interference ability, and a larger information and data quantity. The observation system would be very helpful for the further studies of long air gap discharges, and would be kept improving constantly in future work.