中文摘要：

化肥在现代农业生产中发挥着重要的作用,其中以氮肥的使用量最大,过度使用现象普遍严重,从而引发了环境污染问题,诸如土壤退化、温室效应加剧和生物多样性衰减等.综述了我国化肥的使用和氮肥对土壤、大气、水体和森林生态系统的影响;同时,结合实验室近年来的研究结果,概述了氮肥污染对两栖动物的影响.氮肥对花背蟾蜍受精卵的孵化、蝌蚪的生长发育、变态以及幼体具有严重的危害,揭示氮肥引起的水体污染是引起两栖动物种群衰减的一个重要因素.

英文摘要：

Fertilizers play a relevant role in modem agricultural activities, among which the nitrogen fertilizers are at the top rank of fertilizer amount. The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers has caused environmental pollutions, such as soil degradation, intensification of the greenhouse effect and decline of biodiversity, etc. The authors briefly reviewed the application of fertilizers in China, and the effects on soil, atmosphere, water, and forest ecosystem of nitrogen fertilizers. Furthermore, the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on pollution were summarized according to our experimental results with the toad （Bufo raddei）. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affects the egg hatching, tadpole growth and metamorphosis, and development of baby toad, indicating that water pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer is one of important factors related to declines of amphibian populations.