中文摘要：

发展核电是减轻我国当前碳排放压力的现实选择。通过分析世界和中国核电发展的历程、技术水平和规模,结果显示：尽管我国在20世纪70年代就开始发展核电,但是我国核电装机容量和发电总量仅占我国电力总装机容量和发电量的1.1%和1.9%,与发达国家仍有很大差距;在技术水平上,发达国家已经开始研发第三、第四代核反应堆,而我国正在运行和多数拟建核电站都是压水堆技术为主的二代核电技术;在空间分布上,尽管我国很多省份都有需求,但我国核电站主要集中于沿海经济发达、能源短缺地区;从铀资源基础来看,我国仍属于贫铀国。鉴于世界铀资源分布和供给十分不均衡的状况,要保障我国核电产业持续发展不仅要加大国内资源的勘探开发,同时还需加紧拓展海外市场、建立资源储备和发展快堆技术等。

英文摘要：

It is China＇s realistically choice to develop nuclear power,which is one of the practical approaches to carbon emission reduction.This paper compares the situations of nuclear power development and technology as well as resources both in the world and in China.The results indicate that there still has a long way to go for China＇s nuclear power industry not only in the total installed capacity but in the share of nuclear electricity,even the country has began to develop its nuclear power industry since 1970s.In reference to technique,all the generators of both in operation and under construction in China belong to the second generation technique,namely pressure water reactor.In the meantime,all the nuclear power stations in China are located in east coastal area,where the economy is thriving while energy is scarce.More importantly,China has a poor image in uranium resource,and to improve the country＇s resource supply in the future will rely on both the domestic and the international markets.