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中文摘要：
同位素稀释法是测定土壤中N素总转化速率最重要的方法之一。自从上世纪50年代Kirkham和Bartholomew提出同位素稀释法的基本原理以后．随着分析技术的长足发展，一些更精确的分析和数值优化方法被广泛使用，N转化概念模型己经日益完善，使测定N的总转化速率成为现实，对土壤N素循环机制的深入研究提供了可能性。然而，^15N标记方法研究土壤中N的总转化速率仍然存在较大的不确定因素。本文综述了^15N同位素稀释法测定土壤N素总转化速率的原理和计算方法，以期推动同位素稀释法的研究和发展。
英文摘要：
One of the important tools that have been used to study the rates of nutrient transformations in the soil is the isotopic dilutionmethod to determine the gross rates of release into, or removal from, a mineral nutrient pool. Since Kirkham and Bartholomew first proposed the equations based on the use of tracer data to measure the nutrient transformations in the soil in the 1950＇s, several more accurately analytical and numerical solutions have been widely used with the development of analytical technique. The simulation of nitrogen transformation is close to the actual processes, which makes it possible to determine gross nitrogen transformation rates and to deeply study the nitrogen cycling in the soil. However, there are still several uncertain factors in ^15N isotopic pool dilution technique, such as uniform distribution of ^15N. The principle and estimated methods are introduced to calculate the gross nitrogen transformation rates using ^15N isotopic pool dilution and to promote further the research of gross nitrogen transformation.
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